Ads 468x60px

Literary Terms.

Tuesday, 18 April 2017

American Dream from Death of a Salesman By Arthur Miller.

“American Dream” from “Death of a Salesman”
By Arthur Miller

               The American Dream is a term that was first coined by James Adams in his book “The Epic of America” written in 1931.The American dream is a dream of a land where life is better and richer for everything else. It is a dream of a social order where man and woman shall be able to the maximum stature that they are inherently capable of, to which they will be identified by others.
              The dream is a national ethos of American where the ideas of democracy are used as a premise for prosperity and the idea of the dream is rooted in the second sentence of the declaration of independence which states “all men are created equal and they are endowed by the creator with certain alienable rights including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”. The dream consists of genuine and determined belief that in America all things are possible to all men, regardless of birth or wealth, “If we work hard enough, we all achieve anything”.

             The origins of American dream seem to have been rooted in the pioneering mentality of 18th and 19th century immigrants, most of the came to America because of a new and better life, in particular the opportunity to own one’s land. Some Americans, they see the dream as living a simple fulfilling life that has less focus on financial gain and materialism.

            Arthur Miller was a prominent figure in American theater and many of his plays are considered classics. One of his most famous plays critically acclaimed “Death of a Salesman”, is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest representation of the American dream. Most of the Miller’s plays are directly or indirectly about the American dream. This leads to
Success
Wealth
&
Power
But this dream for everyone develops and encourages greed, selfish behavior, pride and rivalry between one another. Miller created “an attack on some of the basis values of American business culture.

             Willy Loman is “Caught up” in the American Dream. It causes business to develop in the world. Capitalism and also the profit motive and competitive instinct makes Willy have a weakness in his personality. This weakness is caused by a combination of business pressures. Willy wants to prove himself through a successful salesman but as he fails, his own life destroys.

              It is the struggle of each character’s pursuit of the “American Dream”. This is one of the central themes of the story. It has often been said that “Death of a Salesman” is a harsh criticism of the “American Dream”.

             The protagonist of “Death of a Salesman” is Willy who has the “American Dream” that is the ability to become prosperous by mere charisma or achieving the powerful personal quality which will be used to attract and impress other people. He believes that no hard work and innovation are the key to success. Willy wants to make sure this boys are well-linked

Monday, 23 January 2017

John Milton's Grand style in "Paradise Lost" book IX & X.

                                  Milton's style in "Paradise Lost" can simply be termed "grand style" is that one which holds a great conception exercising a rich imagination and various dignified words.In a grand style the employment of lofty words and exalted thoughts should be well arranged and coherent.Certain devices used in a grand style must be impressive and harmonious in nature which produces an impressive of bigness or vastness in the readers mind.

                                  Milton's poetic style has been a matter of great controversy among the critics of different ages.Mathew Arnold calls it a grand style and ranks it with the style of Virgil and Dante.Milton's style in Paradise Lost is called grand style because it bears an unmistakable stamp of majesty and beauty of epic style.

                               His diction is grand and majestic and his language has a force and spontaneity of of its own.He uses a lot of Latin words.The most striking instance of Milton's use of grand style is that description of Satan's huge physical structure which produces a dignified and a sublime portrait of Satan in our mind.Satan's speech can be simply majestic,motivating,touching or moving.

                               Lord Tennyson spoke of Milton as being the "God gifted organ-voice of England,he was no doubt referring to the majestic blank verse of Paradise Lost.According to Dr.Pearce,Milton's grand style originates from the formats of classical prose.Now we discuss the devices used in Paradise Lost,by Milton which have caused his style to be characterized as the grand style.Milton's style "Paradise Lost'is rich and full of splendor,it is replete with numerous deliberately devices that enrich dignity and govern imaginative and emotional response.

Erudite style,full of Allusions:-
                                The language of Paradise Lost is that a scholar writing for scholar fondness and allusion is provided by this description of Satan forces,which downfall
the greatest armies,know to history or legend.In Book 10

                     "The world was all before them,where to
                      There place of nest and providence choose.
                      They hand in hand with wandering their guide.
                      Through Eden took their solitary way steps and slow"

Suggestive quality in style:-
                      As the poet's difficulty throughout the poem is to describe what can not be exactly described,Heaven,choose Hell,God,Angles,Devils.He throws out a broad hint,

                     "As one great furnace flamed yet from those flames
                      No light,but rather darkness,visible oh how unlike the place from when the fell."

Unusual structure of sentences:-
                     Milton's common practice is to place a noun between its two qualifying adjective though the English grammar requires both to be placed before the noun the upright heart and pure.The violation of grammar is not criticized as the beauty of his style is appreciated.

Epic Similes:-
                    A striking features of Milton's style in Paradise Lost in his use of epic similes.Satan's huge bulk is compared to the huge Leviathan who may be mistaken for an Island.Milton also uses epic similes to compare Satan to various creatures and with each comparison Satan becomes further diminished.Milton writes his book-9.
                     
                         "He above the rest
                          In shape and gesture proudly eminent stood I."

                        "The Devil entered and his brutal sense
                          In heart or head,possessing soon inspired with act intelligent,but his sleep
                          Disturbed not,waiting close the approach of morn"

Extreme terseness and condensation:-
                        The difficulty of Milton's poetry is further heightened by the extreme condensation and terseness of his style,Raleigh calls Milton's Lines.

                                "Packed lines and writes is written by Milton"

Sublimity:-
                        The language of Paradise Lost is that of scholar writing for scholars.Milton lived a life of purity and austerity his poetry bears the stamp of the novelty and greatness of his character.Milton says in book-IX.

                           "This enence of incornate and imbrute
                            That to the height of deity aspired,
                            But what will not ambition and revenge
                            Desand to? who aspire must down as low"

High Seriousness:- 
                          High seriousness marks and both Milton's character and poetry.His tone through the whole epic is sombre and serious,because he deals with lofty thing like Heaven,Hell God,Angles and Adam and Eve,the Grand parents of mankind.

Super imagination with craft man ship:-
                         Milton's imagination creates a world of Heaven and Hell which could only have been possible with superb imagination and artistic perfection that he has.His imagination can travel through time and space be at home infinity.

Suggestive power:-
                        The effects of Milton's poetry has been produced not by what it expresses but what is suggests.The imagination of the poet conjures many

Saturday, 7 January 2017

Heroic characteristics of Satan in "Paradise Lost" by John Milton.

                                      Heroic characteristics of Satan in "Paradise Lost"

                               Paradise Lost is a long epic written by John Milton.The main character of this epic is Satan whose main motive is to deviate the whole human beings.According to dramatist rules Satan should be a peace of villain but he is the most important character of this poem.Satan has all the heroic qualities,except nobility and dignity.He has valor and  determination which makes him a great hero.

                              In this epic,Satan is a fallen creature.He suffers a lot.Like a hero,Satan has the power of recovery.First of all,Satan recovers himself from the lake of fire.God banished Satan but his active mind begins to scheme for deviating the people by his forces.

                             Satan has superb self confidence to fight against god.He thinks "to be weak is miserable doing and suffering".He says that if God attempts to turn evil into good he must set the fallen angles to prevent His efforts,and turn all the good into evil.In this section,he has given the threat to God and declares to make a combat against Him.It proves that he is a bold person which aspect is needed to be a hero.

                            Satan appears as a leader,actually,he is the leader of the angels.The character of leadership is also a character of a hero.A hero makes some plans to fulfill his desire,similarly,Satan make the plan to complete his aim.Although his plan is evil,he makes a plan like a hero.Satan urges Beelzebub to come over his disappointment and face the situation bravely.

                            He wants over lordship.He shows his feelings of pride in which he says,

                                            "It is better to reign in Hell,than serve is Heaven"

He does not accept this truth that he has made a big mistake or sin.He thinks Hell is better than Heaven for his excessive pride.He has given the

Monday, 26 December 2016

The grand style of John Milton in "Paradise Lost"

                                            The grand style in Paradise Lost.
Paradise Lost is a long epic written by John Milton.He has used some styles in his writing which are called "Grand Style".These styles are called grand style because he has used them flawlessly.His diction is not simple.He has used a lot of Latin words.He creates a language and diction which are appropriate to his theme.He has used similes,metaphors,allusions to understand his thoughts to the readers.He has used these styles perfectly so his styles are called grand style.

The first aspect of the grand style is to use the number of allusions and references which seem obscure along with the mysterious and ancient vocabulary.Some references from the first few lines of the poem " Oreb" "That shepherd" "Chosen seed" "Siloa's Brook" "and Aonian Mount" occur.The main purpose of the references is to extend the reader's understanding through comparison.Further,words such as "Adamantine" "Durst" "Compeer" "Sovran" and many others.They are more or less familiar and add an imposing tone to the work.

Milton has used alliteration in Paradise Lost.Alliteration means repetition of consonant several times in a line.For example from book-3
               
                                         "So heav'nly love shall outdoo Helish hate"

He Also used metaphor in Paradise Lost.Metaphor means a comparison between two dissimilar things.This comparison is implicit.From Book-9, we find a line which expresses metaphor.

                                           "Her self,though fairest unsupported Flour"

Besides the references and vocabulary,Milton also tends to use Latinate constructions.English is such language used word order in sentences to produce sense.Latin words often come at the end of the sentence which may precede the subject.Milton has used

Wednesday, 21 December 2016

সোনার তরী কবিতা-রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর।

সোনার তরী
- রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ---

গগনে গরজে মেঘ, ঘন বরষা।
কূলে একা বসে আছি, নাহি ভরসা।
রাশি রাশি ভারা ভারা
ধান কাটা হল সারা,
ভরা নদী ক্ষুরধারা
খরপরশা।
কাটিতে কাটিতে ধান এল বরষা।
একখািন ছোট খেত, আমি একেলা,
চারিদেকে বাঁকা জল কিরছে খেলা।
পরপারে দেখি আঁকা
তরুছায়ামসীমাখা
গ্রামখানি মেঘে ঢাকা
প্রভাত বেলা--
এ পারেতে ছোট খেত, আমি একেলা।
গান গেয়ে তরী বেয়ে কে আসে পারে,
দেখে যেন মনে হয় চিনি উহারে।
ভরা-পালে চলে যায়,
কোনো দিকে নাহি চায়,
ঢেউ গুলি নিরুপায়
ভাঙে দু-ধারে--
দেখে যেন মনে হয় চিনি উহারে।
ওগো, তুমি কোথা যাও কোন্ বিদেশে,
বারেক ভিড়াও তরী কূলেতে এসে।
 
 
Blogger Templates